It could if it lead to a failure of a part or system. 

read your warranty.

And if you need someone to wipe your bum please call your mom.

With my new cars since I do maintenance myself I always keep the receipts for the oil and filter etc. I buy and make a complete log of the maintenance too. In all these years this method actually became handy once when I was being denied warranty fix because they (the dealership) were saying I haven't performed the needed maintenance, but with this they couldn't deny it anymore. So yes, if you take your car for an issue under warranty they can deny it if you haven't performed the required maintenance.

It can if it's determined to have caused the failure. 

If the dealer / manufacturer can find a way out of warranty fixes, you bet you they will use overdue maintenance as an excuse.